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This list is called a class definition (there is some more data in the class def, but we ignore that for now). This is done in C using some coding convention -- either functions, macros, or a mix. Constructors have the same name as the class or struct, and they usually initialize the data members of the new object. If you want methods for your instances, must put them into the class structures and keep a pointer to the class in the instance struct: NEW_SOMETHING will create a new instance of "something" using the class definition stored in the structure something_definition. Note that for real code, you will want to check that inst is actually an instance of something (compare the class pointers, something like that). Then the function display() is called. Types of Constructors in C++ 1. A default constructor is eligible if it is not deleted. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Complete Interview Preparation- Self Paced Course, Data Structures & Algorithms- Self Paced Course. I don't see how you would make a generic constructor type thing for this. this guy is right: you cannot have functions within structs, but only "a bunch of data". Answer (1 of 6): If you do not create a default constructor (no parameters) then one will be created for you, that sets all the non-pointer members of your class or struct to default sane values. This is shown below. We will have them in upcoming posts. You can create initializer functions that take a pointer to a structure. But in a comment you mentioned that you wanted a "default constructor" - I think you mean that you want to initialize some (all?) If this satisfies the requirements of a constexpr constructor (until C++23)constexpr function (since C++23), the generated constructor is constexpr. Can't have that in ANSI C. For this, you must call a function which allocates and initialized the method. You can now build virtual inheritance by having a vTableStruct which is all function pointers. If the implicitly-declared default constructor is not defined as deleted, it is defined (that is, a function body is generated and compiled) by the compiler if odr-used or needed for constant evaluation (since C++11), and it has the same effect as a user-defined constructor with empty body and empty initializer list. Theoretically, you could write a macro which would do some of this. "When an object is created in C++, a special technique named the function Constructor is immediately called. When our class is not having any constructor,during compilation time C# compiler will supply a constructor to our class which is called as default constructor. You will not see the default constructor in your source code (the .java file) as it is inserted during compilation and present in the bytecode (.class file). This way, you can have several functions, defining the interface to your objects: If you write in that style, what you have at the end is an abstract data-type. Default constructor in C++ is provided by the compiler if we don't implement any constructor in the class. A constructor that does not take any argument and has no parameters is known as a default constructor in C++.. For the initialization of an object, default constructor is a must need. Does a beard adversely affect playing the violin or viola? In the same way, a constructor is a special method, which is automatically called when an object is declared for the class, in an object-oriented programming language. The compiler will implicitly declare the default constructor if not provided by the programmer, will define it when in need. Thus, the compiler will define the implicit default constructor even if other constructors are present. @javier: yes, but only in a Java context. You can also do things that you can't do in a pure oo language (typically), like changing select elements of the vtable on the fly. Constructor rules: C.40: Define a constructor if a class has an invariant. I'm not at all sure that this is a good idea, though. I usually do it something like the following --. If some user-defined constructors are present, the user may still force the automatic generation of a default constructor by the compiler that would be implicitly-declared otherwise with the keyword default. Add a comment. A constructor without any arguments or with the default value for every argument is said to bethe Default constructor. // C++ program to demonstrate constructor overloading. If you don't provide a constructor for your class, C# creates one by default that instantiates the object and sets member variables to the default values as listed in the Default Values Table. To have inheritance is a bit tricky and left as an exercise for the reader. Consider a class derived from another class with the default constructor, or a class containing another class object with the default constructor. using namespace std; class Person { // create person class. When the migration is complete, you will access your Teams at stackoverflowteams.com, and they will no longer appear in the left sidebar on stackoverflow.com. Not sure if that is really worthwhile though. Last time I saw somebody do that it was a real mess, and didn't look worth it to me, but you can do it. Triviality of eligible default constructors determines whether the class is an implicit-lifetime type, and whether the class is a trivial type. acknowledge that you have read and understood our, Data Structure & Algorithm Classes (Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS (Live), Full Stack Development with React & Node JS(Live), GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Decision Making in C / C++ (if , if..else, Nested if, if-else-if ), Pre-increment (or pre-decrement) With Reference to L-value in C++, new and delete Operators in C++ For Dynamic Memory. Hopefully your compiler is smart enough to avoid copying the entire structure in the return statement. no need for macros. In which cases there is no constructor at all, even a default constructor? It will not touch thedata members or plain old data types (aggregates like an array, structures, etc). How to Call Non-Trailing Arguments as Default Argument in C#? What are the rules for calling the base class constructor? A default constructor is parameterless. Would a bicycle pump work underwater, with its air-input being above water? Yes, a constructor can contain default argument with default values for an object. @claferri: Ah. Using functions to create and dispose of structures has already been mentioned. I prefer the object-as-first-argument style. Is it possible to make a high-side PNP switch circuit active-low with less than 3 BJTs? Is there a keyboard shortcut to save edited layers from the digitize toolbar in QGIS? Do you need a default constructor C ++? The compiler will implicitly define A::A() when the compiler uses this constructor to create an object of type A.The constructor will have no constructor initializer and a null body. If you did not declare constructor in a class, the C# language automatically will create the constructor by default. #include <iostream>. Whenever we create an object, we have to invoke the Constructor. Suddenly, your code is much more sane. Java - Default constructor with example. In computer programming languages, the term default constructor can refer to a constructor that is automatically generated by the compiler in the absence of any programmer-defined constructors (e.g. I don't like it too much, because i keep using members of structures for data and not for emulating member functions calls to look like in popular object oriented languages. The function main() contains the object definition for an object of class type DemoDC. And how does cfront handled constructor at the beginning? If we had not defined any constructor in the program then the compiler automatically creates one default constructor during the time of object call. If that doesn't work for you then take a look at GObject. Default constructors do not take any parameters. 6. performs no action) if all of the following is true: A trivial default constructor is a constructor that performs no action. Another difference is that you have to allocate the object using malloc() (or some variant). See constructors and member initializer lists for details on the constructor body. my mistake, my question was about default constructor, i would like to have some field of a struct initialized at declaration without having to call a constructor. One of the fields of the struct is a factory function which returns "instances" of the class. If it is a global variable (which is initialized to zero) you could sort of simulate an argument-less constructor by having an "initialized" flag in it, and then let your other functions check that flag, and initialize the struct if the flag is zero. Is there any alternative way to eliminate CO2 buildup than by breathing or even an alternative to cellular respiration that don't produce CO2? Explanation : Here, we have a constructor with two parameter- simple parameter and one default parameter.Now, there are two ways of calling this constructor: First, we can assign values to both the arguments and these values will be passed to the constructor and the default argument x with value 0 will be overridden by value passed while calling (in this case 20). This constructor which is created by . Note: The output is so because a string is assigned to null by default and integers to 0. Default constructors are called during default initializations and value initializations. By using this website, you agree with our Cookies Policy. You could put in a function pointer called "constructor", but you'd still have to tell it to point to a global function before you called it, so you might as well call the global function directly! We make use of First and third party cookies to improve our user experience. All data types compatible with the C language (POD types) are trivially default-constructible. The problem with structs is that everything is public so there is no data hiding. Have fun! We can easily default the Default Constructor by using = default; after class name with (); We can do this outside of a Class Definition. Is this meat that I was told was brisket in Barcelona the same as U.S. brisket? This is the same as constructors (only a different syntax). Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Feb 11, 2009 at 15:51. If you don't implement any constructor in your class, the Java compiler inserts default constructor into your code on your behalf. A-143, 9th Floor, Sovereign Corporate Tower, We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. he did not say you can't relate functions to structs. in C++) it is a constructor that can be called without having to provide any arguments, irrespective of whether the . This class is then instantiated with the new operator. In C++ you would simlpy use the 'new' operator. Constructor without any parameters is called a default constructor. Class types with an empty user-provided constructor may get treated differently than those with an implicitly-defined or defaulted default constructor during value initialization. Note that you can do everything you can do in C++ in pure C. A C++ compiler does not magically replace your CPU with something else. Assuming that you want to do this in C, so your question isn't about structs in C++: What I usually do is that I just create a function, init_whatever, that takes a pointer to the struct (or other variable), and sets it to the values I want. MIT, Apache, GNU, etc.) 5) Defaulted default constructor outside of class definition (the class must contain a declaration (1) ). If no user-defined constructor exists for a class A and one is needed, the compiler implicitly declares a default parameterless constructor A::A().This constructor is an inline public member of its class. Second way is to not pass any value for the default parameter. Can interfaces have constructors in Java. When Does Compiler Create Default and Copy Constructors in C++? typedef struct { int x; char c; float f; } t_myStruct; t_myStruct foo = { 0, 'q', 7.3f }; It's ironic how one of the "advantages" of C++ is to provide data encapsulation through protected/private specifiers, and yet most of its usage patterns involve classes showing their guts to everyone else (but not allowing anyone to touch them, of course). C.43: Ensure that a value type class has a default constructor. Why don't American traffic signs use pictograms as much as other countries? It contains definitions like this: then you create a private header file that contains definitions like this: and then in your implementation you can do something like this: What happens is that you make forward declarations for your structs in your public header files. 5. How to print size of array parameter in C++? Is there a way to have some kind of default constructor (like a C++ one) for C user types defined with a structure? Then, in the full declaration, you include a destructor at the beginning of every struct which you can call generically. Light bulb as limit, to what is current limited to? Whenever a class or struct is created, its constructor is called. As a class-based object-oriented programming term, a constructor is a unique method used to initialize a newly created object (class). See also. Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite. I haven't used C since 1994 and have no wish to go back :), @claferi: see other posts on this question for macro examples - or use factory functions - or better still use C# or Java :). Now your structs are opaque, which means clients can't dick with them. It then performs value-initialization of frac, that is, the default constructor gets called.Although technically incorrect, this is often called default initialization.The default constructor runs just like a normal function (assigning the values 0 to m . The system supports constructors, destructors, single inheritance, interfaces, virtual public and private methods and so forth. Constructor without any parameters is called a default constructor. Are Multiple Constructors possible in Java? How to initialize Array of objects with parameterized constructors in C++, std::move in Utility in C++ | Move Semantics, Move Constructors and Move Assignment Operators. How to help a student who has internalized mistakes? 2) Definition of the constructor outside of class definition (the class must contain a declaration (1) ). Please use ide.geeksforgeeks.org, don't forget that passing pointers will interfere with aliasing, which also requires a smart compiler to optimize. ever heard of factory functions? no. If I remember correctly, the closest you get to classes are structures. 1) Declaration of a default constructor inside of class definition. - claf. It is called constructor because it constructs the values of data members of the class.. A constructor has the same name as the class and it doesn't have any return type. You can only get structs from allocators or function that call allocators, which means you can bottleneck initialization. Introduction to C++ Struct Constructor. It's a style of writing that one may like, or may not like. C.42: If a constructor cannot construct a valid object, throw an exception. +1 from me too.. while it is possible to get creative with function pointers, there is very little reason to do so. Like C, Java and Python, I will . You can include functions in structs in C, or at least function pointers. Within the constructor function you can include some initialization statements and use the destructor function to free memory as follows. Syntax, 1. class_name() = default; An example with a class; 1. In this article. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. While destructor is used to deallocate the memory of an object of a class. A default constructor is a constructor which can be called with no arguments (either defined with an empty parameter list, or with default arguments provided for every parameter). it's what you invented and accuse him saying that. Where class-name must name the current class (or current instantiation of a class template), or, when declared at namespace scope or in a friend declaration, it must be a qualified class name. 1. my mistake, my question was about default constructor, i would like to have some field of a struct initialized at declaration without having to call a constructor. For example, in below class, we don't have any constructor implemented. It also contains a function display () that prints the value of num1 and num2. In the following example, a class named Taxi is defined by using a simple constructor. Department () { } Let us see the complete example to learn how to work with default . 3) Deleted default constructor: if it is selected by overload resolution, the program fails to compile. Furthermore, a developer may also be explicit about wanting the compiler to . There are different scenarios in which the compiler needs to insert code to ensure some necessaryinitialization as per language requirements. 4. In the above program, the class DemoDC contains a default constructor that initialises num1 and num2 as 10 and 20. C.44: Prefer default constructors to be simple and non-throwing. This page was last modified on 29 September 2022, at 19:40. Most compilers will copy the return value. I've seen guys emulating the member function call syntax used in C++ by having function pointers into their struct and then doing: It's used by the linux kernel for defining the interface to file system drivers. for small structs, i would suspect you can even have a performance benefit in some cases if it's returned directly. It has no parameter. Can I call a constructor from another constructor (do constructor chaining) in C++? In this case, your constructor can be a function that initializes a struct. However, the compiler generates code for the default constructor based on the situation. If you initialize an object with " ()", this does not directly invoke the default constructor. 3) Deleted default constructor: if it is selected by overload resolution, the program . in fact, this exactly what C++ constructors do. Practice Problems, POTD Streak, Weekly Contests & More! Not the answer you're looking for? Default Constructor. Defaulted Default Constructor. METHOD will invoke a "method" on this instance. The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards. Constructor is used to initialize an object of the class and assign values to data members corresponding to the class. What is a constructor? The following is the code that shows the usage of default constructor in C#. You can write a function that returns the C struct: If you wonder whether you can have "normal" member functions in C. Well, you can to some extent. Syntax: class_name (parameter1, parameter2, .) i would put large amount of data on the heap and put a pointer into the struct anyway. This was common practice. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. You might want to take a look at a C++ compiler. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! What are the weather minimums in order to take off under IFR conditions? Constructor adalah spesial member function yang akan dieksekusi terlebih dahulu saat pembuatan instance (object).Constructor biasanya digunakan untuk insialisasi member-member atau melakukan persiapan lainnya.. Dalam mendirikan Constructor mirip seperti kita mendirikan function hanya saja constructor harus menjadi member dari class, harus memiliki identitas sama dengan . If a class doesn't have a constructor then a default constructor gets called when object is created. Handling unprepared students as a Teaching Assistant. You make public set/get functions for the elements you want exposed. Now, there are two ways of calling this constructor: Writing code in comment? C++ programming constructors. As joeforker indirectly points out, it's better to use a pointer than a blanket return statement. The constructor invokes immediately when the object gets created . The code snippet for this is given as follows. Of course - that assumes people follow the convention and use the "constructor"/factory horrible pseudo code with NO error checking on malloc or free. If a default constructor is not provided by the programmer explicitly, then the compiler provides a implicit default constructor. Why bad motor mounts cause the car to shake and vibrate at idle but not when you give it gas and increase the rpms? class DemoDC { private: int num1, num2 public: DemoDC() { num1 = 10; num2 = 20; } void display() { cout . For more information and examples, see Instance constructors . Default constructors (C++ only) A default constructor is a constructor that either has no parameters, or if it has parameters, all the parameters have default values.. Why is there a fake knife on the rack at the end of Knives Out (2019)? I suggest to use a macro to hide the casts: Now, you can define the classes you have by creating structures of type "struct class" for each class you have and then call the constructor stored in them. Interface defining a constructor signature? Default Constructor in C++ | C++ Programming | Tutorial 50Hi All, Welcome all of you to the video series of C++ Programming. Can an abstract class have a constructor? and yes there is no way to have a default constructor, for example. Let's talk about the complete engineering solution that was considered best practice in the olden days. Default constructor. To configure resolution of a Type with a default constructor you need to register that Type with Injection Constructor Member which takes no parameters. Writing code in comment? Deleted Default Constructor. The two main types of constructors are default constructors and parameterized constructors. A Default called a constructor with no parameters. A default constructor is eligible if it is either user-declared or both implicitly-declared and definable. It's also much more tedious and difficult than doing the same things in C++. If no constructors are explicitly declared in the class, a default constructor is provided automatically by the compiler. In this article, we will talk about constructors, how to create our own constructors, and what default constructors are in Java. You allocate memory and populate the fields. How to set Default Password Character in TextBox in C#? By using our site, you Destruction of structures (freeing memory). generate link and share the link here. What are the default values of static variables in C? The drawback of a default constructor is that every instance of the class will be initialized to the same values and it is not possible to initialize each instance of the class to different values. It is an object system for C used in GTK and Gnome that pretty much cranks "objects in C" to 11. For instance, with the pthread_mutex example, I would like. Can FOSS software licenses (e.g. Explanation : Here, we have a constructor with two parameter- simple parameter and one default parameter. A class or struct may have multiple constructors that take different arguments. In that case, the default values of the variables are 0. Stack Overflow for Teams is moving to its own domain! A program that demonstrates default constructors is given as follows. If you want to look at an example, check out glib (part of the Gtk+ project). -2 seems harsh for something that's perfectly correct. A structure called Struct allows us to create a group of variables consisting of mixed data types into a single unit. A constructor is a special function that is called every time you create an object. The default statement means that you want to use the compiler-generated version of that function, so you don't need to specify a body. #include<iostream> using namespace std; /* Default Constructor Parameterized Constructor Copy Constructor */ //Default Constructor in C++ Programming /* A constructor in C++ is a special 'MEMBER FUNCTION' having the same name as that of its class which is used to initialize some valid values to the data members of an object. The default constructor is added to a class by default if you don't add any constructor to your class. You build in destructors so that the object can be destroyed. Learn more, C in Depth: The Complete C Programming Guide for Beginners, Practical C++: Learn C++ Basics Step by Step, Master C and Embedded C Programming- Learn as you go. What is default constructor in c++? Invoking Default Constructor. In the above program, the class DemoDC contains a default constructor that initialises num1 and num2 as 10 and 20. Also, you wouldn't get "this". Our objective is to be aware of C++ internals, not to use them incorrectly. You cannot declare functions within the structs, so there is no way to create a constructor for it. Throw an exception to cellular respiration that do n't forget that passing will... Or viola not defined any constructor implemented as much as other countries using malloc ( ) = default an! Usually initialize the data members of the fields of the variables are 0, there is no data.., how to create our own constructors, and whether the class to! A vTableStruct which is all function pointers array parameter in C++ is provided by compiler! The olden days will invoke a `` method '' on default constructor c++ example instance value initialization get. Above program, the class and assign values to data members corresponding to the class, the program then compiler! Default constructors determines whether the class must contain a declaration ( 1 ) default constructor c++ example, there different... & lt ; iostream & gt ; initialize the data members of the fields of the struct is constructor. Get `` this '' initializations and value initializations the system supports constructors, how work... Array parameter in C++ ) it is selected by overload resolution, the closest get. Shows the usage of default constructor during value initialization learn how to set default Password Character in TextBox C., how to help a student who has internalized mistakes complete example to learn,... Have multiple constructors that take a look at an example, i will ensure that a value type has! Define the implicit default constructor was considered best practice in the above program, the class is a bit and... Demodc contains a function which allocates and initialized the method // create class. We don & # x27 ; t have a constructor is a idea! Is either user-declared or both implicitly-declared and definable Barcelona the same things in C++ a bicycle pump underwater! Allocators default constructor c++ example which means you can only get structs from allocators or function that is.! Triviality of eligible default constructors and parameterized constructors been mentioned private methods and so forth (... Following example, in below class, the class it something like following! Create our own constructors, and what default constructors are present created, its is. Gtk and Gnome that pretty much cranks `` objects in C, Java and,. Programming | Tutorial 50Hi all, Welcome all of the new operator declared in the declaration... Num1 and num2 as 10 and 20 at an example with a class derived from another object! Site, you agree with our cookies Policy special technique named the function main ( ) { } us... Definition ( the class and assign values to data members corresponding to the video series of C++ Programming will the. All sure that this is the code snippet for this is done in C '' to 11 to inheritance... Of C++ Programming C used in GTK and Gnome that pretty much cranks `` objects C! Which means clients ca n't relate functions to create and dispose of structures ( freeing memory ) which takes parameters! I 'm not at all sure that this is done in C # language will... In Barcelona the same things in C++ is provided automatically default constructor c++ example the programmer explicitly, then the.! Generates code for the reader personal experience and use the 'new ' operator note: the output so. String is assigned to null by default and Copy constructors in C++ is provided by. That do n't see how you would n't get `` this '' and put a pointer to a by... Compiler generates code for the reader same name as the class is then instantiated with the new.... May also be explicit about wanting the compiler if we don & # x27 ; t have any in. I remember correctly, the compiler will define the implicit default constructor can even have a constructor can a! Or defaulted default constructor to make a generic constructor type thing for this, you must a! Co2 buildup than by default constructor c++ example or even an alternative to cellular respiration do. At the beginning of every struct which you can not declare constructor in the is! And collaborate around the technologies you use most as constructors ( only different. From allocators or function that is called a default constructor, or a mix ; iostream & ;... Object is created has an invariant doing the same as constructors ( only a different syntax.. 10 and 20 default constructor c++ example case, your constructor can contain default argument with default values of static variables in using. The object using malloc ( ) & quot ; when an object of class DemoDC... Into a single unit every argument is said to bethe default constructor that performs no action //. In Java have functions within structs, so there is no way to eliminate CO2 buildup than breathing! Initializer lists for details on the heap and put a pointer than a return. Methods and so forth as default argument in C using some coding convention -- either functions macros! # x27 ; t have a performance benefit in some cases if it is possible to make a PNP! Object definition for an object with & quot ; when an object of the body. A good idea, though a function display ( ) = default ; an,... That shows the usage of default constructor 5 ) defaulted default constructor is a constructor is eligible if 's... Would simlpy use the destructor function to free memory as follows as class. C++ compiler class definition ( the class DemoDC contains a default constructor is provided by the automatically! Value initialization left as an exercise for the reader based on opinion ; back them up with default constructor c++ example or experience... Writing code in comment if we don & # x27 ; t implement any constructor implemented that performs action... Print size of array parameter in C++ is there any alternative way to create constructor. Have functions within structs, but only in a Java context left as an exercise the. Good idea, though under IFR conditions will interfere with aliasing, which also requires smart! Can bottleneck initialization a string is assigned to null by default if you did declare... Function display ( ) { } Let us see the complete engineering solution that was considered practice..., you must call a function display ( ) { } Let us see the complete example learn! Please use ide.geeksforgeeks.org, do n't forget that passing pointers will interfere with aliasing, also... But only in a class doesn & # x27 ; t have any constructor to your class say you n't. Aware of C++ internals, not to use a pointer to a class containing another class with the language! Interfaces, virtual public and private methods and so forth or plain data... The car to shake and vibrate at idle but not when you give gas. Use ide.geeksforgeeks.org, do n't see how you would simlpy use the destructor function to free memory as...., Sovereign Corporate Tower, we use cookies to improve our user experience seems harsh for that. A destructor at the beginning of every struct which you can even have a performance benefit in some cases it. To provide any arguments, irrespective of whether the class DemoDC contains a default constructor Interview Preparation- Self Course... We use cookies to improve our user experience: Here, we will talk about,. Object definition for an object you did not say you ca n't that! And how does cfront handled constructor at the beginning of every struct which you now... Explanation: Here, we have to invoke the default constructor even other! Why bad motor mounts cause the car to shake and vibrate at idle but when. Determines whether the called when object is created please use ide.geeksforgeeks.org, do n't see how you would get. Public set/get functions for the default constructor during value initialization no action ) all! Violin or viola not to use them incorrectly of object call one may like, or a by! Structures ( freeing memory ) gt ; so that the object can be destroyed to. The destructor function to free memory as follows parameter and one default parameter pointer than a blanket statement. Gtk+ project ) public and private methods and so forth breathing or even alternative. Have the same name as the class is defined by using a simple constructor time you an! This article, we don & # x27 ; t have any constructor in olden! However, the closest you get to classes are structures, your can... Automatically will create the constructor by default if you want to take look! Pointers will interfere with aliasing, which means you can include some initialization statements and use destructor... C++, a constructor that performs no action ) if all of following. Of a type with Injection constructor member which takes no parameters, inheritance. And so forth are in Java any constructor to your class applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards a! Constructor inside of class type DemoDC which returns `` instances '' of the fields of Gtk+. With Injection constructor member which takes no parameters no data hiding ide.geeksforgeeks.org, do n't see how would! Because a string is assigned to null by default if you want to look at example. Contain a declaration ( 1 ) declaration of a default constructor means you can bottleneck initialization implement. Compiler provides a implicit default constructor that you have the best browsing experience on our.!: class_name ( parameter1, parameter2,. and whether the class with less than 3 BJTs all pointers. C++ compiler see how you would simlpy use the 'new ' operator `` this.. Not defined any constructor in the above program, the C # language automatically create.
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